Harappan/Indus
Civilization (2500 BC – 1750 BC)
Ø The
oldest name – Indus Civilization.
Ø According
to archaeological tradition, the most appropriate name – Harappan Civilization
(Harappa-the first discovered site).
Ø According
to geographical point of view, the most suitable name- Indus- Saraswati
Civilization (the largest concentration of settlement- along the Indus- Saraswati
river valley; 80 settlement along the Saraswati).
Ø The
most accepted period- 2500 BC – 1750 BC (by carbon-14 dating).
Ø JOHN
MARSHALL was the first scholar to use the term ‘Indus Civilization’.
Ø The
Indus Civilization belongs to the proto-Historic period (Chalcolithic Age /
Bronze Age).
Ø The
Indus Civilization was spread over Sindh, Baluchistan, Punjab, Haryana,
Rajasthan, Gujarat, Western U.P and Northern Maharastra.
Ø Scholars
generally believe that Harappa-Ghaggar-Mohenjodaro axis represents the
heartland of the Indus Civilization.
Ø The
Northern-most site of Indus Civilization- ROPAR (Sutlej) / Punjab (Earlier);
MANDA (Chenab) / Jammu-Kashmir (Now).
The
Southern-most site of the Indus Civilization- BHAGATRAV (Kim) / Gujarat (Earlier);
DAIMABAD (Pravara) / Maharastra (Now).
The
Western-most site of Indus Civilization- SUTKAGENDOR (Dashk) / Makran coast,
Pakistan- Iran border.
Ø CAPITAL
CITIES – Harappa, Mohenjodaro.
PORT CITIES – Lothal, Sutkagendor,
Allahdino, Balakot, Kuntasi.
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