Genetics is study of science of genes, heredity and variation in living
organisms. Heredity is the cause of similarity between individuals and
variation is the cause of differences between individuals. Genetics deals with
transmission of characters from parents to offspring and the molecular
structure and function of genes. The study of genes is done at three levels.
Transmission Genetics
Population Genetics
Molecular Genetics
TRANSMISSION GENETICS
The two most fundamental questions in biology are – what is
the nature of genetic material and how is it transmitted from parents to
offspring? The fact that living things inherit traits from their parents has
been used in prehistoric times to improve crop plants and animals through
selective breeding. However modern genetics only began with the work of Gregor Mendel.
His breeding experiments in pea plants revealed that hereditary characteristics
are determined by discrete factors (genes) that are transmitted to the next
generation.
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